Hawaii

It's Lukach checking in about your wiki and prezi. Your wiki looks pretty good. You have some thoughtful and well-developed answers. I'm glad to see you spent time on it and put in the effort to create a good wiki. 40/40. The Prezi was decent, a bit text heavy, and while it had fancy transitions, it didn't do much else. The benefit of Prezi is that it can provide visual organization, and I don't think you maxizimed that to the potential. As for the presentations themselves, you both were a bit hindered by excessive reading. 16/20. Participation looked pretty evenly split, which I like to see. 20/20 for both.



 HAWAII  "small homeland"  "Hawa"- traditional homeland "ii"- small and raging  Who colonized your territory, and when?

 The first people to inhabit Hawaii were the Polynesians from Marquesas in 300 BCE and the Tahitians in 1300 AD. However Hawaii was colonized by the United States in 1900 after Preseident Mckinely's treaty of annexation was signed in 1898, making Hawaii territory of the United States.

 Was the colonization violent or peaceful? Colonization of Hawaii was not violent, but there were definitely threats of violence if there was a lack of cooperation. In 1887, under the influence of Walter M. Gibson, a group of kingdom subjects, members of the Hawaiian government, and American and European businessmen forced King Kalākaua with the threat of weapons to sign the 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii, seizing the king’s administrative authority by empowering the Legislature and cabinet government in a Constitutional Monarchy. It eliminated voting rights for Asians, set minimum income and property necessities for American, European and native Hawaiian voters, and limited the public vote to elite Americans, Europeans and few wealthy native Hawaiians. The Constitution was signed under threat of violence, and therefore is known as the "Bayonet Constitution". This not only took away the right to vote but the monarchy began to fall apart. When King Kalākaua died his sister, Lili'uokalani, succeeded the throne and established her authority until her overthrow in 1893. Queen Lili'uokalani tried to promote a constitution that would bring back monarchy control. However On January 14, 1893, a group of Euro-American corporation leaders and inhabitants that were against the her plans formed a Committee of Safety to overthrow the Queen. They requested annexation by the United States, and the Minister John L. Stevens took action by forming an army of U.S. Marines. The monarchy had no chance against an established military. After the annexation of Hawaii, the Hawaiian language was forbidden in schools (as well as Kamehameha schools: school for people that have hawaiian bloodlines) and the government. Native Hula dancing was also banned for a time. The colonization of Hawaii was relatively free of bloodshed but the abolishment of the culture and language was in a way a violent act of colonization.

 In one paragraph, describe the life of the indigenous people before the Europeans showed up.

Long before the USA and europeans explored Hawaii there were indigenous tribes on the island that marked the history of the island’s steady growth in population and size through the Kapu chiefdoms. The island tribes governed through local chiefs called ali’i. The ali’i were considered kings, and governed with divine power called mana. They ruled their own settlements and initiated wars to expand their influence and secure their communities from rapacious competing tribes. These multiple chiefs of Hawaii were all ranked in importance. In other words, some chiefs had more power than others. The highest chiefs governed whole islands, they were called ** Aliʻ i ʻ Aimoku, or. The chiefs that governed individual **  tribes were called ali'i with an extension of their name that depends on the your blood lines. These L esser Aliʻ i served the more powerful Aliʻ i by farming on the land that the higher Ali'i. Under the main chiefs there was a fully developed caste system that consisted of the highest class: royalty (Aliʻi), middle class: a priestly class (Kahuna), and lower class: a peasant or commoner class (Makaʻāinana), and an outcast class (Kauwa). The Kapu chiefdoms were hawaiian societies that were governed through a set of taboos and guidelines identified as the Kapu system. The Kapu system delegated food restrictions, limited fishing to specified seasons of the year, prohibited men from eating with women and prohibited commoners from touching the shadow of a chief. It also forced social hierarchies in Hawaiian society like the Hawaiian class system and patriarchy. Infringing Kapu by accident was considered punishable by death. The archetypal location of Hawaiian civilization was a strip of land that was tactically situated near a range of habitats (forests, mountain tops and coastlines) to meet the needs of the villagers and the tribute needs of the chiefs. Throughout the 1780s and 1790s chiefs were frequently at war for power. After a progression of battles that ended in 1795, all inhabited islands were dominated under a single ruler, King Kamehameha the Great. He established the House of Kamehameha, a dynasty that reigned until 1872.

 What did the colonizer hope to economically gain in taking this territory?

The hope in colonizing hawaii was that the the USA and other Europeans would be able to use the resources it produced like sugarcane, coffee beans, and pineapple to provide a source of income in trade. The USA established many plantations to increase productivity in Hawaii. In order to make he most out of their money, they imported cheap foreign labor from Asia to work on the plantations (source of mixture of races). Many plantations became multi-million dollar companies selling $370.9 million from diversified agriculture, $100.6 million from pineapple sales, and $64.3 million from sugarcane sales in the year 2002. In 1882 the William Matson discovered the tourism industry and it became a large contributor to the economy off the US. Today, Hawaii contributes more than 12 billion dollars a year to the United States through tourism. As well as this hawaii served as the perfect military base for the US.

Identify 3 key characters in the process of colonization. At least one should be European, and at least one should be indigenous.

1. James Cook (7 November 1728 – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer that was the first of Europeans to discover the Hawaiian islands. He called them "the Sandwich Islands." He published Journals on the Hawaii Island's and introduced the rest of the World to what he had discovered. He was the first person to record the Hawaiian language in 1778 (prior it was only passed down orally). His discoveries lead to curiosity of European explorers that would eventually colonize the Hawaiian Islands.

 2. Walter Murray Gibson (March 6, 1822–1888) was an American explorer and a government minister in the Hawaiian Kingdom before the kingdom’s 1887 constitution. Gibson came to Hawaii in 1861, and founded Mormon colony. He purchased land on Lanai with funds from the colony in his own name, and after was accused of preaching false doctrine and embezzling money church funds, so he began to run for secular political power. He became legislature in 1878, and allied himself with King Kalakaua. He addressed himself as the "voice of Hawaiians". Walter Gibson was significant because he is responsible for introducing race-based politics to the islands, and encouraging Kalakaua to make rash political moves. This eventually led to the 1887 Constitution of of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

3. King Kamehameha (1758–May 8, 1819) Full name: Kalani Paiʻea Wohi o Kaleikini Kealiʻikui Kamehameha o ʻIolani i Kaiwikapu kaui Ka Liholiho Kūnuiākea Conquered the Hawaiian Islands and became the first King of Hawai’i. He established the Kingdom of Hawai’i in 1810 and developed alliances with the main Pacific colonial powers. Kamehameha protected Hawaiʻi's independence under his rule and is remembered for any things but is recognized the most for the Kanawai Mamalahoe ("Law of the Splintered Paddle"), that protects human rights in times of war.

4. Queen Lili'uokalani (2 September 1838 – 11 November 1917) full name: Lydia Kamakaʻeha Kaola Maliʻi Liliʻuokalani, was the last monarch of Hawai’i and the only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawai’i. Liliʻuokalani inherited the throne from her brother Kalākaua on 29 January 1891. She drafted a new constitution that would re-establish the veto power to the monarchy and voting rights to “economically disenfranchised Native Hawaiians and Asians”. This did not work and eventually lead to the annexation of Hawaii.

 (a) How long was your territory a colony? <span style="color: #008080; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"> (b) When did it gain independence, and why? <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: left;"> **<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"> a) 83 years.The Kingdom of Hawaii was dominant from 1810 until 1893 when the monarchy was overthrown by resident American and some European businessmen. ** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 26px; text-align: left;"> b) It gained independence in 1894 because it was no longer under the reign of Europeans. Later, Hawaii was annexed (in 1858) by the United States as a territory, becoming a state in 1959. <span style="color: #008080; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; text-align: center;">In general, do you think that colonization was a good thing for your territory?

<span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: left;">When the Europeans colonized Hawaii for a short period time, that was very problematic and harmful to Hawaii. They brought diseases like influenza, smallpox, measles, and others. The population of Hawaii decreased dramatically due to the diseases the Europeans brought with them. Natives had no immunity from these harmful infections. <span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: left;"> On the other hand, when Hawaii was later colonized by the Americans (the United States) it was good for Hawaii. They were financially and politically stable and became united with the other states and became integrated with the trade. They were treated as equals and eventually Hawaiians began to blend into government positions.

<span style="color: #008080; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; text-align: center;"> Find two primary sources that are affiliated with your colonization. One must be European, one must be indigenous.(embed them in your wiki) SOURCE ONE- a) SOURCE ONE- b)

<span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Helvetica,helvetica,sans-serif;"> //<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Caricature showing Uncle Sam lecturing four children labelled Philippines, // <span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Helvetica,helvetica,sans-serif;">//<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> Hawaii, Porto Rico and Cuba in front of children holding books labelled with various U.S. states. //

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> Silva, Noenoe K. Aloha Betrayed: Native Hawaiian Resistance to American Colonialism.. Durham: Duke University Press, 2004, pages 123-163. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">

**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The 1897 Petition Against The Annexation of Hawaii **
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> Page 6 of Men's Petition <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> Against Annexation of Hawaii <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> September 11, 1897

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> [SOURCE TWO- a]



<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 9px;">Record Group 46 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 13px;">Records of the U.S. Senate <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 13px;"> National Archives and Records Administration <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> Page 22 of Women's Petition <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> Against Annexation of Hawaii <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> September 11, 1897

<span style="color: #008080; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; text-align: center;"> How do these primary sources help to explain the attitudes of the colonized and the colonizers? <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> Source 1a) helps to portray the colonized and colonizer's emotions during the colonization period in a few ways. The Colonized (Hawaii, Cuba, Chinese, American Indian, etc.) are being hauled up a large mountain of rocks that signify "ignorance, oppression, vice, slavery, cruelty, barbarism, cannibalism, etc. This displays the good aspect of American colonization. The colonized are being lifted about the pain and troubles of the world, and instead of facing slavery or oppression, Hawaii, for example, became the 50th state in the U.S. In the drawing, Uncle Sam is sweating and both men look very tired and ragged; although, they show no signs of stopping. The colonizers are determined to expand their territories and broaden their culture. It seems that both the colonized and the colonizers are painted in a good light in this source.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> Source 1b) contributes in clarifying the attitudes of the colonized and the colonizers. In the drawing, Uncle Sam appears to be scolding the indigenous children, meanwhile, the white children are learning about the states. It seems clear that the kids with noticeable difference in their outward appearance, are treated worse. There seems to be a clear difference in power and the kids look frightened to be where they are. This explains the attitudes of the colonized- scared, poorly treated, and outnumbered. On the other hand, the Colonizers, Uncle Sam- in this photo, has a look of disdain for the minorities. Their attitude seems to be an angry one, that wants the newcomers to be just like the American children.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> Source 2a) clearly shows how the colonized felt about becoming annexed into the United States. The source(s) are actual petitions against the annexation of Hawaii. The colonized people's emotions could not be clearer. Most did not want the change or to be adopted into a large country. The Colonized were scared of what life would be like, colonized. This source does not accurately exhibit the attitudes of the Colonizers, although they were most likely irritated by the petitions against the colonization.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> TO WATCH PREZI: <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> right click and open link <span style="background-color: #ff00ff; display: inline; font-size: 31.2px; line-height: 19px; text-align: center;">prezi

<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif;"> Bibliography: <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiihttp://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/gp/17661.htmphoto- http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/King_Kalaniopuu_Greeting_Cook_1781.png <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii#Pre-European_contact_.E2.80.94_Ancient_Hawaii_.28800-1778.29] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Hawaii#Discovery_and_settlement]photo-http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/1280px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> photo- http://www.navy.gc.ca/project_pride/all_images/photo_archive_images/Large/C-069197.jpg <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> photo- http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/King_Kalaniopuu_Greeting_Cook_1781.png <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/hi_intro.htm <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:School_Begins_1-25-1899.JPG <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> source 2- http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/hawaii-petition/ <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_M._Gibson <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/dailypix/2006/Jul/02/sesq1gibson_b.jpg <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> http://www.mecnita.com/-Emailed/Emailed/KALAKAUA.gif http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/liliuokalani/hawaii/liliuokalani.gif http://www.to-hawaii.com/hawaiian-language.php http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii#Pineapple http://library.kcc.hawaii.edu/~soma/cartoons/wed3.jpg