Italian+Somaliland

Hey guys, it's Lukach with the update on your Prezi and wiki. The wiki itself looks pretty good, with pretty solid answers. I'm a bit concerned about how few sources you used....you seem to almost exclusively a few sources. You would have more thorough and balanced answers if you looked beyond just a few sites, especially with each question really only relying on one site for its answers. 36/40. The Prezi was OK, but it was extremely text heavy. In truth, it looked like you copied and pasted all of your answers here, right onto a Prezi. For Max, the presentation was pretty much reading word for word. For Kyle, it was a lot of skimming....and if so, why include all those words in the first place? Don't overwhelm the audience with text. 15/20. As for collaboration, you seemed to have collaborated pretty well together. As I understand it, Max mostly did the wiki, and Kyle mostly did the Prezi, and it seemed to work. 19/20.

- The Kingdom of Italy colonized this territory. The colony was established in 1889 and lasted until 1941. The colony was located in current northeastern Africa, the country of Somalia. The colony was incorporated as a state in Italian East Africa in 1936, but then fell under British control in 1941 and remained under British control until 1949.
 * 1. Who colonized your territory, and when?**

- The colonization of Italian Somaliland was violent. There were many wars to gain control over the region through out its history. In 1889 the Italians colonized the south part of today’s modern day Somalia. This area became known as Italian Somaliland. Italy was encouraged to form more territories in Eritrea and more of Somalia. This caused Italy to launch the First Italo-Abyssinian War against Ethiopia in 1895. In 1936, after the Second Italo-Abyssian War, Italian Somalia became part of Italian East Africa, which also included Ethiopia and Eritrea. Later, in 1940, Italy successfully conquered British Somaliland and annexed it to Italian Somalia. Italian Somalia was under British administration until 1949 when it became a United Nations Trust Territory under Italian administration until it Somalia finally received independence in 1960.
 * 2. Was the colonization violent or peaceful?**

- The people of Somalia were hard working, determined people. Pastoralism (cattle and sheep herding) was the most common way of life, along with lots of farming and fishing. The fishing ports would eventually become very important to the Kingdom of Italy, as some of the ports had very important access points to the Suez Canal and the Gulf of Aden. Some of the major cash crops included mangoes, bananas, and sugarcane. These were considered very valuable and were wanted by countries in Europe, as they weren't able to grow in Europe. Corn, coconuts, rice and beans were also grown. Sheep was the main livestock, the mutton from the sheep would eventually become extremely important to Great Britain later in the early 19th century.
 * 3. In one paragraph describe the life of the indigenous people before the Europeans showed up?**

- The main reason to colonize a new colony was for resources. Africa had many resources that Europe wanted, such as bananas, sorghum, fruits and many different livestock. Diamonds, uranium and coal were also very important natural minerals found in Somalia that were hard to get in Europe. Acquiring slaves was also a very big reason to invade Somalia, as there were many Somalians to capture and use to work on plantations, mines, and use as household slaves.
 * 4. What did the European colonizer hope to economically gain in taking this territory?**

1) All of the great European powers were "scrambling" to get to Africa so they could colonize it. Great Britain played a very big role in the development of Somalia and it's colony in the early 19th century. The main concern for Britain was to safeguard (protect against something unwanted) trade links with its Aden colony (part of British India). The Aden colony depended a lot on the mutton (sheep's skin, used as food), which came from Somalia. The British gained control of the colony when Egyptians withdrew in 1884 to deal with wars in the Middle East.
 * 5. Identify 3 key characters in the process of colonization. At least one should be European, and at least one should be indigenous**.



2) Around the late 19th century, as Somalia became more and more important to European countries, the Kingdom of Italy decided to make a foothold on the country of Somalia. At first, Italy was only interested in controlling Somalia's ports, which would give them strategically important access and greater control to the Suez Canal and the Gulf of Aden. Italy also had some interests in the mutton, as sheep were the main livestock in Somalia. In the 1880's, establishing an Italian settlement in Somalia and taking control of their ports was highly encouraged to the king of Italy by his advisers.

3) Animal herding and grazing was the most important economical factor in Somalia's economy. Most people in Somalia would raise and grow sheep, which would eventually motivate Great Britain to establish colonies in Somalia to maintain control and support their other colonies around the world. Fishing and seaports was another thing that led to the development of colonies in Somalia. The Kingdom of Italy found to be very important in controlling the flow of trade and establishing control on the strategic Suez Canal and the Gulf of Aden. Both waterways were important because there weren't that many large rivers and bodies of water located around northern Africa and the Middle East. The country of Somalia just happened to be located in the area where many countries wanted to control and colonize. Britain was fighting to maintain control over their many colonies around the world and the Kingdom of Italy was having economical problems, and they saw Somalia as a way to increase their power in the world and increase boost their economy from the ports, livestock, and valuable cash crops that were grown.

-The Italian Somaliland was a colony for about 60 years, and gained independence on July 1st in 1960, after uniting with the British Somaliland colony (which gained independence five days earlier, June 26th 1960) to form the Somali Republic. I n 1940, Italy successfully conquered British Somaliland and annexed it to Italian Somalia. Italian Somalia was under British administration until 1949 when it became a United Nations Trust Territory under Italian administration until it Somalia finally received independence in 1960.
 * 6. How long was your territory a colony? When did it gain independence, and why?**


 * [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pres_Adan_Abdulle_Osman.jpg/200px-Pres_Adan_Abdulle_Osman.jpg caption="Aden Abdullah Osman Daar was the first President of Somalia."]]

7. In general, do you think that colonization was a good thing for your territory?** - The colonization of Somalia overall was beneficial. They were introduced to new technologies, which mainly included more productive ways to farm and harvest crops. It also opened them to new trade routes, which made them a more diverse culture. One negative, however, were many foreign diseases that were brought to Somalia which killed many of the inhabitants.

// 1) //// Democracy comes of age in Somaliland. //// (Northern part of Somalia // [|//Contemporary Review//] // | December 1, 2005 | Simanowitz, Stefan //
 * 8. Find two primary sources that are affiliated with your colonization. One must be European, one must be indigenous.**

// 2) //// Somaliland //// No recognition yet // [|//New African//] // | April 1, 2008 | Ahmed, Farhiya Ali //

- The first European primary source helped explain the attitude of the colonized people. Democracy was introduced to them, which changed the original government for the better. However, because this was a major change there, there would have been a time delay before the colonized people were used to the new form of government. - The second primary source came form a Somalia native who wrote about the countries election before they were a democracy. The republic was having difficulties with the way the Europeans changed their society and government. These primary sources are recent but they show us the attitudes of the colonizers and the colonized.  media type="custom" key="5452771" Italian Somaliland Colony Territory
 * 9. How do these primary sources help to explain the attitudes of the colonized and the colonizers?**

media type="youtube" key="SLaZ3fBJacI" height="344" width="425"

Video of Italy's occupation of Somalia.

Citations: "Italian Somaliland." __Encyclopædia Britannica__. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 24 Feb. 2010 <**[]**>.
 * (Used information to answer question 1)**

"Italian Somaliland." __Italian Somaliland__. 2010. Wikipedia Online. 24 Feb. 2010 < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Somaliland>
 * (Used information to answer questions 1,3,6 and picture)**

"Italian Somaliland." Italian Somaliland. 2010. flagspot.net. 24 Feb .2010 
 * (Used to answer questions 4,5 and 7)**

"Italian Somaliland." Somalia: Economy. 2010. Infoplease.com. 26. Feb. 2010 < http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0861178.html>
 * (Used to answer question 3 and 6)**