Brazil

Lukach with feedback on your prezi and wiki.

The Wiki looks good. Your answers are thoughtful and complete. I appreciate you siting information right at the end of each question. In general, nicely done. **40/40**

The Prezi looked good, but is pretty clearly incomplete. What is up there is good, but it's not finished. As for presentation styles, you both were limited by the Prezi itself. While you had good outside knoweldge, it's incomplete. **14/20**

In terms of participation, it's fairly clear that Doug did most of the Prezi, and Blake did most of the wiki. The wiki is complete and good, so Blake gets 20/20. The Prezi is good but incomplete, and so Doug gets 16/20. **  BRAZIL  **By: Blake and Doug





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= **1. Who colonized your territory, and when?** = Brazil was First formally claimed by Portugal in April 1500, on the arrival of the Portuguese fleet commanded by Pedro Álvares Cabral, but it is thought that the Spaniard Vicente Yáñez Pinzón may have been the first to set foot on the land of Brazil. The early explorers brought back a wood that produced a red dye, //pau-brasil,// from which the land received its name.Portugal began colonization in 1532 and made the area a royal colony in 1549. In the next 300 years, the Portuguese began to settle here. The Portuguese found about 7 million native on the land. The new territory became Portuguese territory when the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), that changed the Line of Demarcation, giving Brazil to them.

(1) History Of Brazil (http://www.geographia.com/Brazil/brazihistory.htm ) (2) [|http://www.emayzine.com/lectures/HISTOR~6.htm] (3)http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107357.html

= **2. Was the colonization violent or peaceful?** = It is mostly peaceful. Portuguese and other Europeans brought diseases with them to Brazil. Many Indians died due to lack of immunity. Diseases such as Measles, smallpox, tuberculosis, and influenza killed tens of thousands Indians. The diseases spread quickly along the indigenous trade routes, many Indian died without even seeing the settlers. The mutual feeling of wonderment and good relationship was to end in the succeeding years. The Portuguese colonists,started to have children with female Indians. They formed a new generation of mixed-race that spoke the native language. These people formed the majority of the population. Intending to profit from sugar trade, the Portuguese decided to plant sugar cane in Brazil.They used indigenous slaves as the workforce, as the Spanish colonies were successfully doing. But the indigenous people were very hard to catch. They soon all got infected by diseases brought by the Europeans which they had no natural immunity to, began dying out in great numbers. This, coupled with the prospects of increased profits from the African slave trade (at the time almost monopolized by Portugal and supplying the labour needs of both Spanish and Portuguese settlers in the New World), encouraged Portuguese settlers and traders to start importing slaves from Africa.

(1)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil

= **3. In one paragraph, describe the life of the indigenous people before the Europeans showed up.** = Anthropological and genetic evidence suggests that most of the Native Americans are descends from migrant people from North Asia (Siberia). Most of the tribes were nomadic, with only limited agriculture and short-time dwelling. Most villages has as many as 5000 inhabitants. The population was around 7 million when the Portuguese came. When the Portuguese invaders first arrived in Brazil in April 1500. They found, to their surprise, a wide coastline rich in resources, teeming with hundreds of thousands of Indigenous people living in a paradise of natural riches and resources. Culture was developed although tribal wars and cannibalism were prominent. The natives lived a good lifestyle. They have been keeps of Amazon forest for centuries, and they lived in the amazon in harmony with nature. They learned the medicinal purposes of the plants and herbs around them. media type="youtube" key="Rnlpv_G8f94" height="340" width="560" Indigenous People today talks about nature

(1)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil

= **4. What did the European colonizer hope to economically gain in taking this territory?** = = = Portuguese Explorers were in search of valuable goods for European trade and natural resources, but also for unsettled land and the opportunity to escape poverty in Portugal itself at first. When the Portuguese invaders arrived in Brazil, they were surprised to fine a wide coastline rich in resources, teeming with hundreds of thousands of Indigenous people living in harmony with the nature. Surrounding them was a land full of natural resources. The single most important thing they found was the Brazil wood tree (Which they named the land after). The tree's valuable red dye were treasured by the Portuguese. Later on they grew sugar Cain using black slaves imported from Africa (The slave triangle) after seeing how much Europe has benefited from it.

(1) [] (2) History Of Brazil (http://www.geographia.com/Brazil/brazihistory.htm )

= **5. Identify 3 key characters in the process of colonization. At least one should be European, and at least one should be indigenous.** = = = Pedro Álvares Cabral(1468-1520) Pedro Álvares Cabral is the first official European to set foot on Brazil. When he landed he brought with him the European was of life and colonialism. On April 1500, he claimed Brazil for Portugal and named it the "Island of the True Cross." King Manuel renamed it later to Holy Cross. It was later renamed again, to Brazil, after the special kind of dye wood found there, called Pau-Brasil. Cabral stayed in Brazil for 10 days and continued on his way to India. On the trip he fought with storms, shipwrecks (at the Cape of Good Hope), and fighting (His men died after an attack from Muslim traders in Calicut,India, who didn't want competition on their spice routes). Cabrao successfully traded for Spices in Cochin (Now called Kozhikode), India. Cabral then returned to Portugal on June 23,1501, with only four of the original 13 ships.

90Ganga Zumba: Ganga Zumba was the king of the Palmares, the biggest group of the Quilombo. The Quilombo was a name given to the communities of runaway slaves. Slavery was a major part of colonialism and its economy. Ganga Zumba played a major role against slavery in Brazil, changing the colonial way of life.

John Maurice: John Maurice was the Governor of the Dutch portion of Brazil. He took much of North East Brazil from Portugal while he was governor. He was a big activist for slavery and worked to keep the steady flow of slaves into Brazil coming.

(1)[] (2)[] (3)[] (4)[] (5)http://www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/page/c/cabral.shtml = **6. How long was your territory a colony? When did it gain independence, and why?** = = = Brazil was a colony from 1500 to 1822 or 322 years. They declared themselves an independent county when they refused to yield to the orders of Portugal. Prince Pedro (King João VI returned to Europe on 26 April 1821, leaving his elder son Prince Pedro de Alcântara as regent to rule Brazil.) stood by them declaring the country's independence from Portugal on 7 September 1822. On 12 October 1822, Pedro became the first Emperor of Brazil and crowned Dom Pedro I on 1 December 1822. At that time almost all the Brazilians were in favor of a monarchy. Republicanism had little support. The subsequent Brazilian War of Independence spread through almost the entire territory, with battles in the Northern, Northeastern, and Southern regions. The last Portuguese soldiers surrendered on 8 March 1824 and independence was recognized by Portugal on 29 August 1825.

(1)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brazil (2)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Brazil (3)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil =** 7. In general, do you think that colonization was a good thing for your territory ** ** ? ** = = =

=
I think that in general, if we look at the big picture, colonization was a good for the modernization of Brazil. Colonization created and economy and exposed the natural resources that Brazil has to offer. Portugal set up a dependence on slavery in Brazil that was very difficult to overcome and by 1886 five percent of the population was still slaves. ===== There might be some flaws from an environmental perspective. Because in Brazil alone, European colonists have destroyed more than 90 indigenous tribes since the 1900's. With them have gone centuries of not knowing the medicinal value of rain-forest species. As their homelands continue to be destroyed by deforestation, rain-forest peoples are also disappearing.

= **8. Find two primary sources that are affiliated with your colonization. One must be European, one must be indigenous**. = = =  **__The Letter__** **__of Pero Vaz de Caminha:__** [|http://translate.google.com/translate hl=en&sl=pt&u=http://www.cce.ufsc.br/~nupill/literatura/carta.html&ei=peqKS9HKJI2IswOMha2GAw&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CCQQ7gEwCQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3DVAZ%2BDE%2BCAMINHA%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1C1GGLS_enUS359US359]

This is a letter written by a crew member of Pedro Álvares Cabral. It describes the whole voyage that discovered Brazil in detail. It is an account about Portugal's first interaction with the land it is about to colonize. The document in unique because of the amazing detail that it describes every thing that the sailor saw.

[| http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&sl=pt&u=http://purl.pt/155/3/&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://purl.pt/155%26hl%3Den&rurl=translate.google.com&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhhhVi-s6ZtsJ-zSilslXJqghnHl4A] Jose de Anchieta wrote as a missionary in Brazil who worked closely with the natives and trying to convert them to Christianity. He wrote for the rights of the natives and tried to build peaceful relationships between them and the Europeans. He expressed his opinion through writing a lot of poetry. = __**9. How do these primary sources help to explain the attitudes of the colonized and the colonizers?**__ = = = These sources show how colonialism was brought to Brazil and the colonizers perspective of this new land. Anchieta's documents show us how the monks interacted with the natives of the land and how the natives reacted to being colonized. In general the colonizer's perspective was optimistic for the potential that this new land that they discovered would be valuable. There was also excitement for finding this new territory. Jose de Anchieta's work lets us see into the world of the missionaries. We can see that, while, Anchieta supported the natives, many did not. We can understand that the natives did not fight a lot against the colonization process but they were very susceptible to disease.
 * __Jose de Anchieta's works:__ **